Pain in the back after a brain trauma-The revelation of a spinal subdural hematoma: A case report with a literature review.

Traumatic spinal subdural hematoma is a rare condition mostly favored by an anticoagulation therapy, a traumatic lumbar puncture, a hematologic disease, or an epidural anesthesia. This pathological condition can be subtle or be at the origin of a compression of the spinal cord and the rootlets resulting in an irreversible damage if an emergent surgery is not performed. We report the case of a 45-year-old man who has been a victim of a brain trauma which resulted in a cerebral edema. A week later, the patient came to the emergency department for disabling abdominal pain, predominant in the back. An abdominal computed tomography was performed and showed an incidentally spontaneous hyperdensity in the spinal cord, which raised the suspicion of a spinal hematoma that has been confirmed through spine magnetic resonance imaging. In this case, we discuss the different subtypes of spinal hematoma. We recall the main differential diagnoses to help setting an accurate diagnosis and to not delay the adequate therapy that is most of the time emergent when indicated.

Solitary plasmacytoma of the rib: A rare tumor to keep in mind: Case report.

Around 5% of plasma cell neoplasias are solitary plasmacytomas, a tumor that is fairly rare. The presence of a localized tumor composed of monoclonal plasma cells that are the same as those found in multiple myeloma and the absence of symptoms that would suggest a disseminated form are used to establish the diagnosis. The thoracolumbar spine is the area most affected. Costal origin is infrequently described. In our case, the patient manifested a right anterosuperior chest wall mass. Imaging showed a mass of tissue with a significant zone of osteolysis of the first rib and no chest wall infiltration. Blood protein immunoelectrophoresis disclosed a monoclonal kappa type IgG. Bence-Jones proteinuria was positive, further suggesting a plasmacytoma of the rib. A percutaneous needle biopsy for pathology study and immunohistochemistry enabled the diagnosis of costal plasmacytoma. Search for other localizations was negative and the diagnosis of solitary plasmacytoma was retained. The patient received radiotherapy and has remained in remission for over a year. The pathology and imaging findings are used to make the diagnosis. Radiotherapy is the therapy of choice, but it presents a risk of progression to other bone lesions, medullary plasmacytosis, and multiple myeloma. There are no known factors that predict systemic recurrence. Surveillance is essential on a regular basis.

Risk factors for breast cancer in women: an update review.

Breast Cancer remains, according to the World Health Organization, the most complex disease cancer in 2021 in the world and the most common cause of death among women. Based on unequivocal scientific data, the establishment of an operative program for prevention could save lives of millions women suffering from breast cancer. In this update review, we highlight the major risk factors related to breast cancer investigated in women over the last 5 years. Thus, we clarify the involvement of these risk factors in the occurrence and growth of breast cancer. Investigations of 15 studies (n = 1,254,418; six case-control studies, five cohort studies, three prospective studies, and one meta-analysis) revealed that age, family history, obesity, use of oral contraceptives, status menopausal, smoking, alcohol consumption, lifestyle, and genetics factors are significantly linked to breast cancer. Additional studies are needed to corroborate these outcomes and initiate new practices aimed at preventing breast cancer.

Cadasil syndrome: A case report with a literature review.

"CADASIL" is a genetic microangiopathy with autosomal dominant inheritance. Its epidemiology and physiopathogenesis are poorly specified, but it is proven that this disease is due to a mutation of the NOTCH3 gene resulting in a loss of elasticity of the media of the affected vessels. The clinical expression is variable, dominated by migraine attacks with aura, ischemic vascular accidents and psychiatric disorders, in particular depression. MRI is essential for diagnosis even in the pre-symptomatic phase. It shows signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia and white matter, characteristic especially when located in the anterior part of the temporal lobes. The management of CADASIL is multidisciplinary, psychological for the most part without specificity of a particular treatment.

An unusual presentation of hydatid cyst: A tight mass a case report with a literature review.

Hydatidosis is a worldwide infectious disease caused by the larval form of a parasitic tapeworm of helminths affecting mainly the liver and lungs in cattle- and sheep-raising regions. Muscle localization remains extremely rare and its diagnosis is sometimes challenging. We report the case of a 45-year-old man presenting with a swelling of the left thigh gradually increasing in size. Clinical examination was non-specific, sonographic evaluation suggested the diagnosis, and the patient underwent successful surgical treatment. Intramuscular hydatid cyst is an uncommon disease even in endemic countries, usually confused with other lesions which is a source of delayed treatment and fatal complications. MRI is the gold standard allowing diagnosis and providing the characteristic aspects which are of major importance for optimal management.

Cerebellar hemangioblastoma: Case report with review of the literature.

Originally recognized by Cushing and Bailey, hemangioblastoma is a developmental vascular neoplasm that is predominantly found in the posterior fossa. It is a highly vascularized tumor, with well-differentiated histologic features. Although rare, it remains the most common primary tumor of cerebellum in adults, along with metastases. MRI is the gold standard, allowing a precise characterization of the lesion's features, and its relationship with the surrounding structures. We report the case of a patient with a cerebellar symptomatology, in whom brain MRI raises the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma, which was then confirmed by histopathologic examination.

Cystic meningioma: A case report with a literature review.

Cystic meningiomas are very rare tumors of the central nervous system. We report the case of a 62-year-old female how presented headaches resistant to usual analgesics with behavior disorders. Cerebral CT scan showed a right frontal extra-axial tumor with firm and cystic component, brain MRI evoked the diagnosis, surgery removed the entire tumor and histological examination confirmed it. A cystic meningioma should not be omitted from the differential diagnosis of brain tumors with a cystic component and which clinical, radiological, histological and therapeutic features are discussed.

Common Carotid Artery Diaphragm presenting as transient syncope.

Carotid diaphragm usually can cause artery stenosis essentially affecting the internal carotid artery (ICA) beyond the bulb segment.  Patients are often middle aged and the onset of symptoms typically begins with syncopes leading to ischemic stroke.  More than 50 cases have been reported in which all lesions showed as stenosis located in the ICA, in this article, we report a rare common carotid artery (CCA) diaphragm revealed in a 59 year-old female suffering from transient syncopes. This is the third case reported in the literature.

Congenital unilateral facial palsy revealing a facial nerve agenesis: a case report and review of the literature.

Facial nerve aplasia is an extremely rare condition that is usually syndromic, namely, in Moebius syndrome. The occurrence of isolated agenesis of facial nerve is even rarer, with only few cases reported in the literature. We report a case of congenital facial paralysis due to facial nerve aplasia diagnosed on MRI, while no noticeable abnormality was detected on the temporal bone CT.

Splenic abscess in cancer chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Splenic abcess is an uncommon complication for cancer treatment. It occurs more frequently in immunocompromised patients. They are characterized by high mortality. The classic triad (fever, pain of the left hypochondrium, and sensitive mass left) is only present in one-third of cases the clinical spectrum ranging from no symptoms to events such as fever, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, abdominal pain left, splenomegaly. Treatment options are limited, but must be discussed and adapted to the patient profile. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 62-year-old Arabic male, diagnosed with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, who, after several cycles of chemotherapy, presented symptoms and signs of splenic abcess. CONCLUSION: Splenic abcess is rare situation, which must be actively researched, to have access to an optimal therapeutic approach.